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MICROSTRAIN: Scientific
 
Scientific Papers
Scientific Papers
Scientific Papers that have used MicroStrain's Wireless, Hall Effect, DVRT®, AIFP®, or FAS Measurement Technology. Look on the MicroStrain Web Site for in-depth details on the White Papers detailed below.

A. Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments
B. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
C. Knee Braces and Their Effect on the ACL
D. ACL Replacement
E. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
F. Ankle Ligaments
G. Spinal Ligaments
H. Foot Biomechanics and Orthoses
I. Measurement Techniques
J. Telemetry
K. Tendon
L. Total Joint Replacement
M. Elbow, Wrist and Hand
N. Fracture
0. Shoulder
P. Jaw and Teeth


A. MEDIAL AND LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS
1. Uchiyama et al.: Medial Collateral Ligament in Hallux Valgus has a Low Stiffness in the Toe Region but not in the Linear Region, 45th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Paper 211, Anaheim CA, February 1999

2. Fischer et al.: The functional relationship of the posterior oblique ligament to the medial collateral ligament of the human knee, Am. J. of Sports Med., Vol. 13, No. 6, 1985

3. Arms, S.W., Pope, M.H.: Measurement of strain in the lateral collateral ligament of the human knee. Presented at 30th Annual ORS, Atlanta, GA, 1984

4. Arms et al.: Knee medial collateral strain, Journal of Biomechanics, 16:491-496, 1983


B. ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL)
1. Cerulli et al.: In vivo anterior cruciate ligament strain behavior during a rapid deceleration movement: Case report, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc., Sept. 2003, 11(5):307-11

2. Fleming et al.: The Effects of Compressive Load and Muscle Function on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain During Rehabilitation Exercises, 48th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Paper 0169, Dallas TX, February 2002

3. Mazzocca et al.: Concomitant Loading and Damage of the ACL in Grade III Valgus Rupture of the MCL, 48th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster 0925, Dallas TX, February 2002

4. Fleming et al.: Contraction of the Gastrocnemius Muscle Produces Strains on the ACL, 47th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster 0793, San Francisco CA, February 2001

5. Fleming et al.: The Influence of Functional Knee Bracing on the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain Biomechanics in Weightbearing and Nonweightbearing Knees, American Journal of Sports Medicine, Nov. 2000

6. Hollis et al.: Change in Meniscal Strain with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and After Reconstruction, American Journal of Sports Medicine, Sept. 2000

7. Fleming et al.: Functional Knee Bracing Reduces the Strains on the ACL During Weightbearing and Non-Weightbearing Conditions, 46th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster 0476, Orlando FL, March 2000

8. Fleming et al.: The strain behavior of the anterior cruciate ligament during stair climbing: an in vivo study, Arthroscopy, March 1999, 15(2):185-91

9. Hollis et al.: Effect of ACL Injury and Reconstruction on Meniscal Strain, 45th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Paper 1046, Anaheim CA, February 1999

10. Beynnon et al.: ACL Strain During Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise; an In Vivo Study, Trans. Orthopaedic Research Society, Page 631, Orlando, Florida, Feb. 1995

11. Fleming et al.: Determination of a zero strain reference for the anteromedial band of the anterior cruciate ligament, J. Orthopaedic Research, Vol. 12(6), pages 789-795, November 1994

12. Fleming et al.: An In Vivo comparison of anterior tibial translation and strain in the anteromedial band of the anterior cruciate ligament, Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 26(1) pages 51-58, Jan. 1993

13. Beynnon et al.: The measurement of anterior cruciate ligament strain in vivo. International Orthopaedics, Vol 16, no.1, pages 1-12, 1992

14. Kain et al.: An in vivo study of the effect of transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation on ACL deformation, Presented at 33rd Annual ORS, San Francisco, CA, January 1987

15. Renstrom et al.: Strain within the anterior cruciate ligament during hamstring and quadriceps activity, Am. J. Sports Med., Vol. 14, No. 1, pp 83-87, 1986

16. Arms et al.: The determination of zero strain within the anteromedial fibers of the anterior cruciate ligament, Presented 32nd Annual ORS Mtg., New Orleans, LA, February 1986

17. Reinecke et al.: Knee ligament strain analysis during continuous passive motion, Presented Amer. Ortho. Soc. for Sports Med. Mtg., Las Vegas, NV, February 1985

18. Arms et al.: The biomechanics of anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation and reconstruction, Winner of the O'Donoghue Award, Prize of the Sports Medicine Society, 1983, American Journal of Sports Medicine, 12(1):8-18, 1984


C. KNEE BRACES AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE ACL
1. Beynnon et al.: An In Vivo Investigation of ACL Strain & the Effect of Functional Knee Bracing and Attachment Strap Tension, Trans. Orthopaedic Research Society, page 94-16, Orlando, Florida, Feb. 1995

2. Erikson et al.: An in vitro dynamic evaluation of prophylactic knee braces during lateral impact loading, Am. J. Sports Medicine, Vol. 21 (1): pages 26 -35,1993

3. Beynnon et al.: The effect of functional knee braces on strain on the anterior cruciate ligament in vivo, J. Bone & Joint Surgery (American), Vol. 74(9), pages 1298-1312, October 1992

4. Arms et al.: The effect of knee braces on anterior cruciate ligament strain, Presented at 33rd Annual ORS, San Francisco, CA, January 1987

5. Arms et al.: The effect of braces on anterior cruciate ligament strain, Presented to the Amer. Ortho. Soc. of Sports Med. Summer Mtg., Sun Valley, UT, August 1986


D. ACL REPLACEMENT
1. Tohyama et al.: The effect of anterior cruciate ligament graft elongation at the time of implantation on the biomechanical behavior of the graft and knee, Am. J. Sports Med.,1996 Sept-Oct.; 24(5):608-14

2. Meriam et al.: The Effects of Screw Fixation Torques on Tendons Fixed with Spiked Washers, Trans. Orthopaedic Research Society, Page 663, Orlando, Florida, Feb. 1995

3. Fleming et al.: Strain Behavior in the ACL Due to Variations in the Initial Tension Conditions of a Prosthetic Stent. Trans. Orthopaedic Research Society, Page 642, Orlando, Florida, Feb. 1995

4. Good et al.: Joint Position Sense is Not Changed After ACL Disruption, Trans. Orthopaedic Research Society, Page 95-16, Orlando, Florida, Feb. 1995

5. Beynnon et al.: The Relationship Between Anterior Posterior Knee Laxity and the Structural Properties of the Patellar Tendon Graft, Am. J. Sports Med., Vol. 22, No. 6, 1994

6. Fleming et al.: An in vivo comparison between intraoperative isometric measurement and local elongation of the graft after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, J. Bone & Joint Surgery (American), Vol. 76(4), pages 511-519, April 1994

7. Beynnon et al.: The measurement of elongation of anterior cruciate ligament grafts in vivo, J. Bone & Joint Surgery (American), Vol. 76 (4), pages 520-531, April 1994


E. POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
1. Arms et al.: Strain measurement of the human posterior cruciate ligament, Read by title, 30th Annual Ortho. Res. Soc., Atlanta, 1984


F. ANKLE LIGAMENTS
1. Cawley, P.W., France, E.P.: Biomechanics of the Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle: An Evaluation of the Effects of Axial Load and Single Plane Motions on Ligament Strain Patterns, Foot & Ankle, Vol. 12, no 2, Oct. 1991, pgs. 92-99

2. Wertz et al.: Strain in the lateral ligaments of the ankle, J. Foot and Ankle, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp 59-63 1988


G. SPINAL LIGAMENTS
1. Roberts et al.: Spinal Ligament Loading During Axial Distraction, Trans. Orthopaedic Research Society, Page 663, Orlando, Florida, Feb. 1995


H. FOOT BIOMECHANICS AND ORTHOSES
1. Roberts et al.: Spinal ligament loading during axial distraction: a biomechanical model, Am. J. Orthop., June 1998, 27(6):434-40

2. Kogler et al.: The Biomechanics of Longitudinal Arch Support Mechanisms in Foot Orthoses and Their Effect on Plantar Aponeurosis Strain, Proceedings 19th annual meeting of American Society of Biomechanics, Aug, 1995, pages 91-91

3. Kogler et al.: In Vitro Method for Quantifying the Effectiveness of the Longitudinal Arch Support Mechanism of a Foot Orthoses, Clinical Biomechanics, Vol. 5., pp. 245-252,1995


I. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
1. Townsend et al.: Scaleable Wireless Web Enabled Sensor Networks, SPIE's 9th Int'l Symposium on Smart Structures & Materials and 7th Int'l Symposium on Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Aging Infrastructure, San Diego, CA, paper presented 17-21 March, 2002, and at OIDA's Smart Sensors and Intelligent Systems, August 7-8, 2002, Washington, DC

2. Arms, S.W., Townsend, C.P.: Microminiature, Temperature Compensated, Magnetoelastic Strain Gauge, SPIE's 9th Int'l Symposium on Smart Structures & Materials and 7th Int'l Symposium on Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Aging Infrastructure, San Diego, CA, 17-21 March, 2002

3. McBride et al.: An arthroscopically Implantable Microsensor for the Measurement of Ligament and Tendon Loads, Presented at the Combined Congress of the International Arthroscopy Assn. and the Int'l Society of the Knee, Toronto, Canada May 13 -17, 1991

4. Arms, S.W.: Miniature Hall Effect Displacement Sensors for Medical Applications, Presented at Sensors Expo, Cleveland OH, Aug. 1989

5. Arms et al.: A new arthroscopic technique for in vivo ligament strain measurement, Presented at annual winter ASME meeting, Anaheim, CA, December 1986

6. Stanwyck et al.: In vivo measurement techniques for orthopaedic research, Orthopaedic Research Procedures and Techniques, Guest Editors: MH Krag, MH Pope, Automedica, Vol. 6, pp 99-118, 1985


J. TELEMETRY
1. Churchill et al.: Strain Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Networks, SPIE's 10th Int'l Symposium on Smart Structures & Materials, San Diego, CA, paper presented March, 2003

2. Arms et al.: Validation of Remotely Powered and Interrogated Sensing Networks for Composite Cure Monitoring, Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Composites Engineering (ICCE/8), Tenerife, Spain, August 7-11, 2001

3. Hauerstock et al.: Telemetric Measurement of Compressive Loads in the Sheep Lumbar Spine, 47th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster 0931, San Francisco CA, February 2001

4. Hamel et al.: Micropower Peak Strain Detection Systems for Remote Interrogation, SPIE's 7th Int'l Symposium on Smart Structures & Materials and 5th Int'l Symposium on Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Aging Infrastructure, Newport Beach, CA, Paper presented 5-9 March, 2000

5. Townsend et al.: Telemetered Sensors for Implantable & Wearable Activity and Performance Monitoring, 1999 Tahoe Knee & Shoulder Update, Lake Tahoe, CA, Dec. 2-5, 1999


K. TENDON
1. Takahashi et al.: Biomechanical implications of uphill training on the aetiology of tendonitis, Equine Vet. J. Suppl., Sept. 2002, (34):353-8

2. Ravalin et al.: Biomechanical comparison of patellar tendon repairs in a cadaver model: an evaluation of gap formation at the repair site with cyclic loading, American Journal of Sports Medicine, July-August 2002

3. Fleming et al.: Strain in the Achilles Tendon During Isometric Contractions of the Human Triceps Surae, 48th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster 0647, Dallas TX, February 2002

4. Ravalin et al.: Dynamic Mechanical Integrity of Patellar Tendon Repair Techniques, 47th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster 0746, San Francisco CA, February 2001

5. Morris et al.: e-Knee: The Evolution of the Electronic Knee Prosthesis: Telemetry Technology Development, Scientific Poster presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, Feb. 2001

6. Gill et al.: A comparative analysis of the six-strand double-loop flexor tendon repair and three other techniques: a human cadaveric study, J. Hand Surg [Am], Nov. 1999, 24(6):1315-22, Erratum in: J Hand Surg [Am], May 2000, 25(3):590

7. Han et al.: Mechanical Properties of Different Anatomical Sites of the Bone-Tendon Origin of the Lateral Epicondyle, 46th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster 0412, Orlando FL, March 2000

8. Momose et al.: Gliding Resistance and Breaking Strength of Suture Techniques with Knots Inside the Repair Site, 46th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster 0816, Orlando FL, March 2000

9. Weinhold et al.: Strain Patterns in the Patellar Tendon, 46th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster 0778, Orlando FL, March 2000

10. Townsend et al.: Remotely Powered, Multichannel, Microprocessor Based Telemetry systems for Smart Implantable devices and Smart Structures, Paper presented at SPIE's 6th Annual Int'l Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, CA, Mar. 1-5, 1999

11. Page et al.: Biomechanical Analysis of the Flexor Digitorum Longus Transfer for Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction, 45th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Paper 212, Anaheim CA, February 1999

12. Hall et al.: Rate-independent characteristics of an arthroscopically implantable force probe in the human achilles tendon, J. Biomech, Feb. 1999, 32(2):203-7


L. TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT
1. Morris et al.: e-Knee: evolution of the electronic knee prosthesis, Telemetry technology development, J. Bone Joint Surg Am., 2001, 83-A Suppl 2(Pt 1):62-6

2. Morris et al.: e-Knee: The Evolution of the Electronic Knee Prosthesis: Telemetry Technology Development, Scientific Poster presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, Feb. 2001

3. Townsend et al.: Remotely Powered, Multichannel, Microprocessor Based Telemetry systems for Smart Implantable devices and Smart Structures, Paper presented at SPIE's 6th Annual Int'l Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, CA, Mar. 1-5, 1999

4. Greenwald et al.: Effects of Stem Cross Sectional Shape on Torsional Micromotion and Migration in an Uncemented Femoral Stem, 45th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Paper 918, Anaheim, CA, February 1999


M. ELBOW, WRIST AND HAND
1. Medial olecranon osteotomy and UCL strain (ulnar collateral ligament), Abstract & Commentary, Sports Medicine Reports, March 2002

2. Wright et al.: Ulnar nerve excursion and strain at the elbow and wrist associated with upper extremity motion, J. Hand Surg [Am], July 2001, 26(4):655-62

3. Shepard, M.F., Markolf, K.: Effects of Radial Shortening on Load-Sharing at the Wrist and Forearm, 46th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster 0422, Orlando, FL, March 2000

4. Werner et al.: Biomechanical Testing of a Salvage Procedure for Failed Darrach Resections, 46th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster 0416, Orlando, FL, March 2000


N. FRACTURE
1. Yeung et al.: Malunion is not Problematic Following Moderately Displaced Transverse Patella Fractures, 46th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, Poster 0873, Orlando, FL, March 2000


O. SHOULDER
1. Chambler et al.: Coracoacromial ligament tension in vivo, J. Shoulder Elbow Surg., July-Aug. 2003, 12(4):365-7

2. Reilly et al.: Arthroscopically insertable force probes in the rotator cuff in vivo, Arthroscopy, Feb. 2003, 19(2):8E

3. Pradhan et al.: Superior Labral Strain during the Throwing Motion (shoulder strain), American Journal of Sports Medicine, July 2001

4. Fleming et al.: Factors influencing the output of an implantable force transducer, J. Biomech, July 2000, 33(7):889-93

5. Fleming et al.: Calibration and application of an intra-articular force transducer for the measurement of patellar tendon graft forces: an in situ evaluation, J. Biomech Eng., Aug. 1999, 121(4):393-8

6. Roberts et al.: Spinal ligament loading during axial distraction: a biomechanical model, Am. J. Orthop., June 1998, 27(6):434-40

7. Mazzocca et al.: Arthroscopic Single-Row Versus Double-Row Suture Anchor Rotator Cuff Repair, American Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 33, December 2005


P. JAW AND TEETH
1. Liu, Z.J., Herring, S.W.: Masticatory strains on osseous and ligamentous components of the temporomandibular joint in miniature pigs, J. Orofac Pain., Fall 2000, 14(4):265-78."


 
White Papers
White Papers
All White Papers are Copyright 1999-2007 by MicroStrain, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Other copyright notices may also apply. Look on the MicroStrain Web Site for in-depth details on the White Papers detailed below.

Inclinometers and Orientation Sensors Product
The Stanford Testbed of Autonomous Rotorcraft for Multi-Agent Control (STARMAC) 3DM-GX1®

jBot is a fully autonomous, self-guided, mobile robot 3DM-GX1®

Autonomous Hovering of a Fixed-Wing Micro Air Vehicle 3DM-GX1®

nBot Balancing Robot FAS-G®

Quantification of Human Knee Kinematics Using the 3DM-GX1 Sensor 3DM-GX1®

A Network of Orientation Sensors for Position Feedback 3DM-G®

FAS-G Preliminary Studies FAS-G®

A Miniature, Sourceless, Networked, Solid State Orientation Module 3DM®


Wireless Sensors Product
Tracking Pitch Link Dynamic Loads with Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensors Wireless Sensors

Wireless strain-measurement systems for aircraft test applications Wireless Sensors

Power Management for Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensors Wireless Sensors

Scaleable, Wireless Structural Testing System Wireless Sensors

e-Knee: Evolution of the Electronic Knee Prosthesis (Movies) Wireless Sensors

Frequency Agile Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Sensors

Using multiple remote wireless sensor nodes to simultaneously log sensor data Wireless Sensors

Remotely Reprogrammable Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring Wireless Sensors

Wireless Strain Sensing Networks Wireless Sensors

Mind the Gap: Using Wireless Sensors to Measure Gaps Efficiently Wireless Sensors

Wireless Strain Measurement Systems - Applications & Solutions Wireless Sensors

Civil Structure Strain Monitoring with Power-Efficient High-Speed Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Sensors

Strain Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Sensors

A Vision for Future Wireless Sensing Systems Wireless Sensors

Micro Datalogging Transceiver Networks for Dynamic Activity & Structural Performance Monitoring DataLogging Transceiver

Telemetered Sensors for Dynamic Activity & Structural Performance Monitoring Wireless Sensors

Telemetered Sensors for Implantable & Wearable Activity & Performance Monitoring Wireless Sensors

Remotely powered, multichannel, microprocessor based telemetry systems for a smart implantable total knee implant Wireless Sensors

Scaleable, Wireless, Web-Enabled Sensor Networks Wireless Sensor Networks

Validation of Remotely Powered and Interrogated Sensing Networks for Composite Cure Monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks

Force Probes Product
Arthroscopically Implantable Force Probe AIFP

Other Product
Microminiature, Temperature Compensated, Magnetoelastic Strain Gauge Strain Gauge

General Product
Growing a Technology Business General."


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